What is the future of mountainous depopulating regions, and how idyllic are peripheral mountainous lands? The lecture explores processes of urbanisation that occur in peripheral landscapes, seemingly intact areas of “nature” and “uninhabited land.” In particular, we revisit the mythicised landscapes of Arcadia in Greece, framing a contemporary, radically depopulating mountainous region. Through oral histories and material collected from fieldwork, we reveal an unprecedented operation of land-grabbing, enclosure, and privatization that has been currently taking place in Greek peripheral landscapes. In mountains and islands, forests, and protected areas, processes of primitive accumulation and enclosure of commons currently unfold under the narrative of “green development” and the pretext of climatic emergency.